Childhood cataracts

Cataracts reduce vision by preventing the image from being focused properly on the retina. They can occur in just one eye or in both. Cataracts need to be surgically removed to restore sight.

We may be familiar with cataracts growing on the eyes of elderly relatives. This is often simply a normal part of the natural ageing process and looks very much as if a white film is gradually appearing over the surface of the eye. Following surgery and a relatively short recovery period, an adult will usually find that their former sight levels have returned.

Childhood cataracts are different in a number of ways. Cataracts at birth or in very young children cannot always be seen with the naked eye and will need to be examined with specialist ophthalmic equipment. This kind of cataract is often inherited, so it is important to check for them if there is a history of them in the family.

They can also occur with no previous family history so if you notice anything unusual about your child’s eyes, seek medical advice. Cataracts in young children and babies could be a sign of other medical conditions which will need to be thoroughly investigated. When cataracts are present at birth in one or both eyes, nystagmus can occur as a result. It is important to operate as early as possible to remove the cataracts and attempt to prevent the nystagmus from starting. Once it has begun it cannot currently be stopped.

Nystagmus which occurs at or near birth is a lifelong condition which means that the person will need some support throughout their education, into employment and beyond. Early intervention when childhood cataracts are present might just be a way to prevent some cases of nystagmus.